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Chronic Venous Insufficiency(CVI)

Paddy Kalish OD Blog Chronic Venous Insufficiency(CVI)
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a condition where the veins in the legs do not efficiently return blood to the heart, causing blood to pool in the legs. This can lead to various symptoms and complications, especially if left untreated. 
 
 
 
CVI primarily occurs when valves in the leg veins, which normally prevent backflow, become damaged or don't function properly. This allows blood to flow backward (venous reflux) and pool in the legs, increasing pressure within the veins (venous hypertension). 
 
Common causes of valve damage include:
  • Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Blood clots in deep veins can damage valves. 
     
  • Prolonged standing or sitting: This can strain the veins, leading to valve damage over time. 
     
  • Obesity: Excess weight can put pressure on veins, increasing the risk of valve problems. 
     
  • Age: The risk of CVI increases with age, as veins naturally weaken. 
     
  • Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and increased blood volume during pregnancy can contribute to CVI. 
     
  • Family history: A family history of varicose veins or CVI can increase the risk. 
     
Symptoms of Chronic Venous Insufficiency:
Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include:
  • Swelling: Swelling in the ankles and legs, especially after prolonged standing. 
     
  • Varicose veins: Enlarged, twisted veins visible beneath the skin. 
     
  • Pain: Aching, cramping, or a feeling of heaviness in the legs. 
     
  • Skin changes: Reddish-brown discoloration, thickening, or itching of the skin. 
     
  • Leg ulcers: Open sores that can be difficult to heal, often on the inside of the ankle. 
     
  • Other symptoms: Tingling, burning sensations, or a restless legs sensation. 
     
Diagnosis and Treatment:
  • Diagnosis:
    A Physician can diagnose CVI through a physical exam and potentially ultrasound imaging to assess blood flow and vein structure. 
     
  • Treatment:
    Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. It may include:
    • Compression stockings: To improve blood flow and reduce swelling. 
       
    • Leg elevation: Raising the legs above the heart can help reduce swelling. 
       
    • Lifestyle changes: Maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and avoiding prolonged standing or sitting. 
       
    • Medications: In some cases, medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms or prevent blood clots. 
       
    • Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be needed to improve blood flow or repair damaged veins. 

    https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/health-wellness/2025/07/17/donald-trump-vein-chronic-venous-insufficiency/85260307007/

Author
Paddy Kalish OD, JD and B.Arch Author and Blogger

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