Joint hypermobility syndrome(JHS)

Joint hypermobility syndrome(JHS) is a condition in which joints stretch farther than normal, often with pain or other associated symptoms such as fatigue, injuries, and instability.

What Is Joint Hypermobility Syndrome?

Joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) involves unusually flexible joints—sometimes known as being “double-jointed”—which can move beyond the typical range of motion. Unlike simple hypermobility, the syndrome includes pain or complications related to connective tissue, and commonly affects children and young adults, more often females and certain ethnic groups.

Signs and Symptoms

Typical signs and symptoms of JHS include:

• Chronic joint or muscle pain, often worsening with activity or at night.

• Recurrent sprains, strains, and dislocations.

• Fatigue, even after rest.

• Poor balance or coordination.

• Thin, stretchy skin and sometimes easy bruising.

• Flat feet, back pain, or “growing pains” in children.

• Some may also have bowel or bladder issues and nerve compression disorders.

Causes and Risk Factors

JHS runs in families and is believed to involve defects in collagen, a protein that adds strength and flexibility to ligaments and other connective tissues. It may also be associated with or mistaken for other connective tissue disorders like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Marfan syndrome. Factors affecting joint stability include bone shapes, ligament composition, muscle tone, and proprioception.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is primarily clinical, often using the Beighton scoring system to assess joint flexibility. Blood tests or imaging may rule out other causes, such as arthritis or genetic syndromes.

Treatment and Management

There is no cure for joint hypermobility syndrome, but symptoms can be managed by:

• Improving muscle strength and fitness to stabilize joints.

• Physiotherapy or occupational therapy

• Pain management with medications such as paracetamol or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

• Strategies like warm baths, hot water bottles, and heat creams for comfort.

Associated Complications

JHS can be associated with anxiety, mitral valve prolapse, ADHD, autism, and fibromyalgia, though most individuals with JHS will not have these conditions.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Consult a HCP if ongoing joint pain, repeated injuries, or other symptoms suggest joint hypermobility syndrome.

JHS is a complex condition affecting joint mobility, often with pain and other symptoms, and is best managed with a combination of physical therapies and pain control strategies.