Buffalo Hump/ Cushing's Disease

Cushing's disease is an endocrine disorder caused by excess levels of cortisol in the body. This excess cortisol is usually due to a pituitary tumor that secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), stimulating the adrenal glands to produce more cortisol. Common symptoms:

1. Weight gain (particularly in the face, neck, and trunk), Buffalo Hump
2. High blood pressure
3. Purple stretch marks (striae)
4. Weakened bones (osteoporosis)
5. Mood changes (anxiety, depression)
6. Fatigue
7. Thinning skin

Cushing's disease can lead to several ocular manifestations due to excess cortisol levels. Some common ocular effects include: 1. Cataracts: Prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels can cause lens opacity and cataract formation. 2. Glaucoma: Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) can occur, potentially leading to glaucoma. 3. Central serous retinopathy (CSR): Fluid accumulation under the retina, causing visual disturbances. 4. Diabetic retinopathy: Cushing's disease increases the risk of developing diabetes, which can lead to diabetic retinopathy. 5. Exophthalmos (bulging eyes): Rarely, Cushing's disease can cause exophthalmos due to fat redistribution. Regular eye exams are essential for patients with Cushing's disease to monitor and manage these potential ocular complications.

Treatment options:

1. Surgery (transsphenoidal adenomectomy) to remove the pituitary tumor
2. Medications to control cortisol production or its effects
3. Radiation therapy

Complications if untreated:

1. Cardiovascular disease
2. Osteoporosis
3. Diabetes
4. Increased risk of infections

Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent long-term complications.