Blog Archive
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a condition where the veins in the legs do not efficiently return blood to the heart, causing blood to pool in the legs. This can lead to various symptoms and complications, especially if left untreated. CVI primarily occurs when valves in the leg veins,...
Insect bites can cause a range of reactions, from mild irritation to severe allergic responses. Common symptoms include: Redness and swelling Itching or burning Pain or tenderness Rash or blisters Some insects that commonly bite humans include: Mosquitoes Ticks Fleas Bed bugs Bees and wasps To prevent insect bites:...
Dermatomes are specific areas of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve. The spinal cord is segmented, and each segment gives rise to a pair of spinal nerves, which then branch out to innervate a corresponding area of skin. Clinically, dermatome maps are used to assess and diagnose spinal cord and nerve...
Phantosmia, or phantom smells, are perceived smells that are not actually present. These olfactory hallucinations can be caused by various factors affecting the nose or brain, including head injuries, neurological conditions, and even viral infections . Other potential causes include aging, upper respiratory infections, temporal lobe seizures, and certain medications. Here's...
Antihistamines are medications that counteract the effects of histamine, a chemical released by the body's immune system during an allergic reaction. They're commonly used to relieve symptoms of allergies, such as: Itching Sneezing Runny nose Congestion Hives Antihistamines work by blocking histamine receptors, reducing the allergic response. They come in...
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the nerve-muscle connection, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue. Here is a brief overview: Symptoms Muscle weakness that worsens with activity and improves with rest Double vision (diplopia) Drooping eyelids (ptosis) Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) Shortness of breath Muscle weakness in...
Meningitis is an infection and inflammation of the fluid and membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, known as meninges. This condition can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. The symptoms often resemble those of the flu but can escalate rapidly. Types: viral and bacterial meningitis. Causes: Viral Meningitis:...
Diabetes-related dermopathy is a harmless skin condition that affects people living with diabetes. It looks like small, round brownish patches and usually appears on your shins. There’s no treatment for diabetes-related dermopathy, but makeup and moisturizer can help with its appearance. Diabetes-related dermopathy (often called “shin spots”) is a fairly...
Let's break down the differences between GERD, gastritis, and peptic ulcers. Conditions Overview GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease): A condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms like heartburn, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing. GERD affects up to 20% of people in the US. Gastritis: Inflammation of the...
Bell's palsy is a condition that causes temporary weakness or paralysis of the muscles in one side of the face. It's often characterized by: # Symptoms1. Sudden onset of facial weakness or paralysis2. Drooping eyelid or corner of the mouth3. Difficulty smiling or closing the eye4. Drooling or difficulty speaking5....
Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or feeling like the world around you is spinning. It is often accompanied by dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and balance problems. There are two main types of vertigo: Types of Vertigo: - Peripheral Vertigo: Caused by problems in the inner ear or vestibular nerve,...
Acne can affect the eyes, often through a condition called ocular rosacea, or sometimes as a result of other acne-related skin conditions. Ocular rosacea can cause redness, burning, itching, or watering of the eyes, along with a gritty feeling. Other eye symptoms linked to acne include dry eyes, blurred vision, and light...
Acne: Types of Lesions: - Whiteheads: Plugged hair follicles that stay beneath the skin, producing a white bump. - Blackheads: Plugged follicles that reach the skin's surface, appearing black due to air discoloration of sebum. - Papules: Small, pink bumps that can be tender to the touch. - Pustules: Papules...
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is a rare neurological condition characterized by specific symptoms and imaging findings. Causes Hypertension: High blood pressure is a common cause of PRES. Preeclampsia: Women with preeclampsia during pregnancy are at risk of developing PRES. Immunosuppressive medications: Certain medications, such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus, can...
Chickenpox and measles are two distinct viral infections with different characteristics. Here's a comparison: Causes Chickenpox: Caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Measles: Caused by the measles virus. Symptoms Chickenpox: - Rash with blister-like lesions - Fever - Headache - Fatigue Measles: - Fever - Cough - Runny nose - Red...
The circadian rhythm, often referred to as the body's internal clock, is a roughly 24-hour cycle that regulates various physiological processes in living organisms, including humans. These rhythms influence sleep-wake cycles, hormone release, body temperature, appetite, and other important bodily functions. Here's a breakdown of key aspects of circadian rhythms:...
Lower back pain is a prevalent condition with various management strategies depending on the underlying cause and severity. Here are some key points from recent guidelines and evidence-based practices for managing lower back pain: Non-Pharmacological Management Exercise Therapy: Regular physical activity and specific exercises are recommended for both acute and...
Acute liver failure is a rare and life-threatening condition where the liver rapidly loses its function, typically within days or weeks, in a person without pre-existing liver disease. It's a medical emergency requiring immediate hospitalization, often in the intensive care unit, and evaluation at a liver transplant center. Causes: The...
Gout arthritis is a type of arthritis characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, and redness in the joints. Here is an overview: Causes 1. Uric acid buildup: Gout is caused by an excess of uric acid in the blood, which can form crystals in the joints. 2. Genetics:...
The vagus nerve is a vital part of our nervous system, playing a crucial role in various bodily functions. Here are some key aspects of the vagus nerve: Functions Regulation of heart rate: The vagus nerve helps regulate heart rate and blood pressure. Digestion: It stimulates digestion, gut motility,...
Compartment syndrome is a serious medical condition that occurs when pressure within a muscle compartment increases, leading to muscle and nerve damage. Causes Trauma: Fractures, crush injuries, or severe blows to the muscle compartment. Overuse: Repetitive strain or overuse of muscles, leading to increased pressure within the compartment. Burns: Severe...
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections. Here's an overview: Types of Hepatitis Hepatitis A (HAV): A highly contagious virus spread through contaminated food, water, or close contact. Hepatitis B (HBV): A viral infection spread through bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, and vaginal fluids....
The trigeminal nerve, also known as cranial nerve V (CN V), is a large and complex nerve responsible for a variety of functions, primarily in the face. Here's a breakdown of its key aspects: Basic Information: It is the largest of the 12 cranial nerves. There...
A pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious condition that occurs when a blood clot gets lodged in an artery in the lungs, blocking blood flow. What it is: A blockage of a lung artery, most often caused by a blood clot that travels from the legs (deep vein thrombosis or...
The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ located beneath the liver. Here's a breakdown of its key functions and related information: Function: Bile Storage: The gallbladder primarily stores bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. It concentrates this bile, making it more potent for fat digestion. Bile Release: When...
Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells. Here's a breakdown of key information: What it is: Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies to fight infections. In multiple myeloma, these plasma cells become cancerous and multiply...
Syncope is a synonym for fainting or passing out. Someone is considered to have syncope if they become unconscious and go limp, then soon recover. Anywhere from 1/3 to 1/2 of all people will experience at least one syncopal episode during their lifetime. Additionally, 1%-3% of all emergency department visits are...
Analgesics: Drugs that relieve pain. There are two main types: non-narcotic analgesics for mild pain, and narcotic analgesics for severe pain. Antacids: Drugs that relieve indigestion and heartburn by neutralizing stomach acid. Antianxiety Drugs: Drugs that suppress anxiety and relax muscles (sometimes called anxiolytics, sedatives, or minor tranquilizers). Antiarrhythmics: Drugs...
Pain can be referred to different areas of the body depending on the spinal segment involved. Here's a breakdown of the spinal segments and their corresponding pain referral patterns: Cervical Spine (Neck) 1. C1-C2: Pain referred to the head, especially the back and top 2. C3-C4: Pain referred to the...
Diabetes can lead to a range of complications throughout the body, with significant impacts on the eyes. Here's a breakdown of how diabetes affects the body and, specifically, the eyes: General Body Complications: Cardiovascular Disease: Diabetes increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. High blood sugar...
The heart! It's a vital organ that plays a crucial role in our overall health. Here are some fascinating facts about the heart: 1. Pumps 2,000 gallons of blood daily: The heart beats around 100,000 times per day, pumping a staggering 2,000 gallons of blood throughout the body. 1. Beats...
The vascular system in the head and neck is a complex network of blood vessels that play a crucial role in supplying oxygen and nutrients to the brain, eyes, ears, and other vital structures. Here are some fascinating facts about the vascular system in the head and neck: 1. Blood...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation, pain, stiffness, and swelling. It can also affect other tissues and organs in the body. Symptoms: 1. Joint pain and swelling 2. Morning stiffness 3. Fatigue 4. Loss of range of motion 5. Redness...
Seizure disorders: Types and causes Written by Caitlin Goodwin, Caitlin Goodwin, DNP, RN, CNM, is a Board Certified Nurse-Midwife, Registered Nurse, and freelance writer. She has over twelve years of experience in nursing practice. It can be terrifying to witness anyone, a loved one or stranger, having a seizure. Approximately one...
When evaluating headaches and visual symptoms, it is crucial to determine when further investigation, such as imaging, is warranted. Here are some guidelines that Doctors have to consider: When to Worry Sudden Onset: A sudden, severe headache, often described as a "thunderclap" headache, may indicate a serious condition like a subarachnoid hemorrhage....
Whiplash is a neck injury commonly resulting from a sudden acceleration-deceleration force, such as in a car accident. It can lead to a variety of symptoms and requires appropriate management. Here are some key points regarding whiplash: Symptoms Neck Pain and Stiffness: The most common symptoms, often accompanied by reduced range of...
The relationship between the upper cervical spine and vision problems is an area of great interest in clinical practice. Here are some key points: Anatomical Considerations: The upper cervical spine, particularly the C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) vertebrae, plays a crucial role in supporting the skull and facilitating head movement....
Vertigo and dizziness are common symptoms encountered in clinical practice, often requiring careful evaluation to determine their underlying causes. Definitions: Vertigo: A specific type of dizziness characterized by the sensation that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving. It is often associated with vestibular disorders. Dizziness: A broader term that...
A transient ischemic attack (TIA), often called a "mini-stroke," can be a significant risk factor for developing apraxia, as both conditions involve disruptions in blood flow to the brain, which can lead to difficulties with motor planning and coordination, causing symptoms like trouble performing complex movements or speaking clearly, which...
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) are closely related, with DAI being a significant pathological feature of TBI. Definition and Pathophysiology: TBI: Traumatic Brain Injury is an injury to the brain caused by an external force, which can result in temporary or permanent impairment of cognitive, physical, and psychosocial...
Head trauma, particularly repetitive or severe injuries, has been linked to an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD) and other Neurodegenerative disorders. Key findings: 1. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases PD risk by 50-300% (varies depending on study). 2. Repeated head trauma (e.g., concussions) is more harmful...
Topical Cannabinoids and Ocular Pain Relief Endocannabinoid system (ECS) modulation has been observed to have a wide range of potential therapeutic benefits for multiple disorders, including ocular pain Dr. Faktorovich | 06/12/2024 | 4 min read | Opinion Headshot supplied by Dr. Ella Faktorovich Though a number of different treatment options exist, safe and...
Pseudotumor Cerebri (PTC), also known as Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH), is a condition characterized by increased intracranial pressure without a detectable tumor or other cause. Symptoms: 1. Headaches (severe, frequent) 2. Vision changes (double vision, blurred vision) 3. Tinnitus (ringing in ears) 4. Hearing loss 5. Dizziness 6. Nausea and...
Hemoglobin (HgB) is the pigment in red blood cells. When blood sugar is high, an altered form of sugar attaches to hemoglobin, thereby forming HgBA1c. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a blood test measuring average blood sugar control over 3 months. HgBA1c reflects the average blood sugar over three months because...
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) is a neurological condition characterized by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain's ventricles, leading to ventricular enlargement. Here is an overview: Symptoms: 1. Gait disturbance (magnetic gait, difficulty walking) 2. Dementia (memory loss, cognitive decline) 3. Urinary incontinence Causes: 1. Blockage of CSF...
Infectious keratitis is an infection of the cornea also known as infectious corneal ulcer or corneal opacity. Infectious keratitis can be classified as microbial keratitis (bacteria, fungi or parasites), or viral keratitis (herpes viruses). Infectious keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea (the clear dome-shaped surface at the front of the...
Chiari malformation is a neurological condition where the brain's cerebellum extends into the spinal canal, putting pressure on the brain and spine. Here is an overview: Types: 1. Chiari I: Most common, cerebellum extends into spinal canal 2. Chiari II: More severe, brain stem and cerebellum extend into spinal canal...
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of the plasma cells, which are white blood cells that produce antibodies to fight infections. In multiple myeloma, cancerous plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow, crowding out healthy blood cells and causing damage to bones and organs. Symptoms: - Bone pain or fractures -...
Oscillopsia is a rare visual disturbance where objects appear to oscillate or jitter when they're actually still. It's like seeing the world through a shaky camera lens! Oscillopsia can be caused by various factors, including: 1. Inner ear problems (e.g., vestibular disorders) 2. Brain conditions (e.g., multiple sclerosis,...
A terrible headache can be a symptom of a cerebral aneurysm, which is a serious medical condition. If you or someone you know is experiencing a severe headache, especially one that's sudden, severe, or worsening, seek immediate medical attention. About 25% of people who experience a brain aneurysm rupture die...
Eidetic vision, also known as photographic memory, is a rare ability to recall visual information with extraordinary accuracy and detail. People with eidetic vision can: 1. Remember images with perfect clarity 2. Recall minute details, like colors, shapes, and patterns 3. Visualize and relive memories like snapshots 4. Learn...
An upper respiratory infection(URI) affects the upper part of the respiratory system, including sinuses and throat. Upper respiratory infection symptoms can include a runny nose, sore throat and cough. Treatment for upper respiratory infections often includes rest, fluids and OTC pain relievers. The symptoms of upper respiratory infection(URI) may last...
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system. The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Most infections involve the lower urinary tract — the bladder and the urethra. Women are at greater risk of developing a UTI than are men. If an...
Eye pain may be described as sharp, aching or throbbing. It may happen in one eye or both Eyes. One may also describe eye pain in terms of where it hurts, like pain behind the eye. Eye pain is more serious than the simple irritatio that one feels when you...
Magnesium deficiency is common. key signs of which are : Irritability Chronic fatigue Frequent headaches Repeated respiratory problems Muscle cramps Depressive symptoms Symptoms related to metabolic syndrome or diabetes Magnesium is vital for our metabolic, muscle, energy, immune system, and nervous system. It is estimated that between 10% of Americans...
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Here are the most common different types of coughs and their related symptoms. Dry Cough This cough actually sounds dry—nothing comes up with the cough and these coughs are considered “unproductive.” This type of cough is usually the least severe, and it can occur randomly or persistently. It may disrupt sleep...
Our body produces mucus constantly throughout the day – one to two quarts, to be exact. It mixes with saliva and is swallowed, a normal and harmless response that one usually does nott notice. When excess mucus is created or it is thicker than usual, it becomes noticeable as it...
Sleep! Sleep is a vital aspect of our overall health and well-being. During sleep, our body restores and rejuvenates itself, and our brain processes and consolidates memories and learning from the day. Here are some interesting facts about sleep: - The National Sleep Foundation recommends 7-9 hours of sleep for...
Results indicate that fenofibrate may be an effective option for people with early diabetic retinopathy. Over 4 years, participants taking fenofibrate saw a 27% reduction in the progression of their eye disease compared to those taking the placebo. Fenofibrate may likely reverse diabetes' effects and reduce inflammation in the retina,...
Cardiomyopathy symptoms can include: Shortness of breath or trouble breathing with activity or even at rest. Chest pain, especially after physical activity or heavy meals. Heartbeats that feel rapid, pounding or fluttering. Swelling of the legs, ankles, feet, stomach area and neck veins. Fatigue A HCP will diagnose cardiomyopathy based...
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterised by photoreceptor degeneration or dysfunction. These disorders typically present with severe vision loss that can be progressive, with disease onset ranging from congenital to late adulthood. Classification Approach: 1. Genetic Basis: - Gene Identification: Identification of...
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an antioxidant and reducing agent found in certain foods. Humans cannot synthesize vitamin C, and it can be obtained only through selective dietary intake or with OTC supplements. This vitamin might help prevent some cancers, cardiovascular disease, and even the common cold. Although a wide range of health benefits...
In Sjogren's syndrome, the mucous membranes and moisture-secreting glands of the eyes and mouth are usually affected first, resulting in decreased tears and saliva. Although one can develop Sjogren's syndrome at any age, most people are older than 40 at the time of diagnosis. The condition is much more common...
Essential tremor is a condition that affects the nervous system, causing involuntary and rhythmic shaking or trembling. This shaking is often most obvious in the hands and forearms, but essential tremor can also affect the head, voice, face, and rarely the legs. This movement disorder is not life threatening. It...
Leg cramps, also known as charley horses, are involuntary, painful contractions of the skeletal muscles in the leg. They can occur anywhere from the foot to the thigh, but are most common in the calf muscles. Leg cramps are usually sharp and sudden, and typically last only a few seconds to minutes. Causes...
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a chronic neurological disorder that causes an uncontrollable urge to move the legs. It can also cause uncomfortable sensations in the legs, such as aching, tingling, crawling, pulling, searing, drawing, or bubbling. These sensations usually occur in the calf area, but can...
Concussion tests assess brain function after a head injury. Most concussion tests consist of questionnaires or symptom checklists. Concussion tests check for things like alertness, memory, focus, how fast one thinks and the ability to solve problems. These tests also check balance and coordination. Concussion tests are one of the...
What is nystagmus? Nystagmus is a condition where eyes make rapid, repetitive, uncontrolled movements. Eyes may move in different directions: Side to side (horizontal nystagmus). Up and down (vertical nystagmus). In a circle (rotary or torsional nystagmus). The movements can follow different patterns. Eyes may: Drift in one direction and...
Here are some common challenges and misconceptions about idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH): IIH is not benign: IIH is not a benign disorder, and many patients experience debilitating headaches. IIH can occur without headaches: Headaches are a common symptom of IIH, but not all patients experience them. Papilledema is not a requirement for IIH: Some patients with...
Heart 'Disease' does not kill people. Heart 'Attacks' do however . Blood clots can suddenly block arteries Not plaque. The more plaque one has, the greater the odds of a heart attack. One can have a 'Lot' of plaques but it does not have to...
GBM is a type of cancer that starts as a growth of cells in the brain or spinal cord. It grows quickly and can invade and destroy healthy tissue. Glioblastoma forms from cells called astrocytes that support nerve cells. Glioblastoma can happen at any age. The average glioblastoma survival time...
Diabetes is a known cause of peripheral neuropathy. The condition typically begins to affect distal peripheral nerves in a relatively symmetric pattern. In addition to peripheral nerve involvement, the nerve damage caused by diabetes can also sometimes involve the autonomic nervous system, particularly as the condition advances or if it...
What are the symptoms of ocular toxicity caused by Chloroquine and Hydeoxychloroquine? retinal toxicity symptoms may include: blurred central vision. not being able to see colours. trouble seeing at night. difficulty reading. flickering or flashing lights. Chronic use of CQ and HCQ can cause ocular adverse effects including...
Multivitamins, which typically contain about 27 different vitamins and minerals, and often provide almost 100% of the Recommended US Daily Allowance of these micronutrients. For those few who eat a healthy diet, a multivitamin may have some benefit. A diet that includes plenty of vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds and prtoein...
The safest way to view a solar eclipse is with special eclipse glasses or an eclipse projector. Sunglasses, even multiple pairs, do not protect your eyes. You can view the eclipse directly during totality, when the moon completely obscures the sun, without proper eye protection. You'll know it's safe when you can no...
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) starts with rapid onset of symptoms including headache, seizures, altered consciousness, and visual disturbance, including blurry vision. It is often associated with acute hypertension . If promptly recognized and treated, the clinical syndrome usually resolves within a week , and the changes seen in magnetic...
Carotid artery dissection is a tear in the inner layer of the carotid artery wall that allows blood to flow between the layers. It can be caused by injury or occur suddenly without a known cause. https://people.com/mom-died-flight-from-dominican-republic-experienced-medical-tragedy-brother-says-8609170 Carotid artery dissection is the most common cause of stroke. Symptoms: Headache....
When the weather outside is cold, joint pain, muscle pain and arthritis can flare up. That is because cold weather can induce inflammation, which can exacerbate these conditions. There are a few ways that cold weather can contribute to inflammation. Colder temperatures can cause the body’s tissue to contract....
The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered dramatic changes throughout everyday life — and in the medical community as well. Not only are providers across the country postponing elective procedures, but many are also encouraging people to avoid in-office appointments to reduce their risk of exposure to this highly contagious coronavirus.But what...
Exenatide, a GLP-1 agonist sold under the brand names Byetta and Bydureon by AstraZeneca (LSE: AZN) as a type 2 diabetes drug, could be useful in another indication, a trial has found. This study, published in the journal Brain, reports on a Phase II trial of the drug as a...
Chair yoga is a good option for anyone, but it is especially well suited for older adults, people with mobility issues, or those who sit at a desk for extended periods. It may help people with certain health conditions, such as arthritis, to exercise without putting pressure on joints. It...
Neck pain, or cervicalgia, can have many causes, including: Poor posture Sleeping in an awkward position Muscle tension Injury, such as a muscle strain or whiplash Prolonged use of a computer A slipped spinal disc Arthritis Disc degeneration Narrowing of the spinal canal Muscle inflammation To relieve neck pain,...
Everything you need to know about blueberries Benefits Nutrition Diet Risks FAQ Various studies suggest that blueberries can benefit the body in many ways. Possible health benefits of blueberries include improving heart health, increasing bone strength, and lowering blood pressure. Blueberries can be eaten freshly picked...
What happens if one develops metabolic acidosis? Metabolic acidosis may or may not cause any signs and symptoms. Symptoms can encompass all or some of the following: Weakness Fatigue easily Headache Mental confusion Trouble breathing Fast heartbeat Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting If metabolic acidosis is not controlled, it can lead to long-term problems...
Foot ulcers are a common complication of diabetes that is not being managed through methods such as diet, exercise, and insulin/ other medical treatment. Ulcers are formed as a result of skin tissue breaking down and exposing the layers underneath. These are most common under big toes and the balls of...
When it comes to fighting high blood pressure, the average American diet delivers too much sodium and too little potassium. Eating to reverse this imbalance could prevent or control high blood pressure and translate into fewer heart attacks, strokes, and deaths from heart disease. Normal blood level of potassium is...
AI Eyeglasses have the potential to greatly benefit individuals by providing assistance in daily tasks, thereby improving QOL. At present, these should not be considered as a replacement for regular glasses . SeveralManufacturers are achieving affordability and functionality, while addressing health risks, privacy concerns, and data protection. User Comfort...
Binocular vision dysfunction is an ocular condition that occurs when the eyes don’t align properly with one another. Although our brains may try to correct this misalignment, it is not without considerable effort and this results in a range of symptoms that may be associated with the condition. Exactly what...
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is a condition where the fluid that surrounds the brain leaks into the nose and sinuses. Head trauma, surgery, or even birth defects can make a hole in the membranes that hold this fluid. It then leaks into your nose or ear, causing a watery, runny nose. CSF rhinorrhea is rare...
Meningococcal disease is an acute, potentially severe infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis. It primarily causes meningitis and sepsis, which can lead to severe complications, like neurologic damage, loss of limbs, or death. **Evaluation:** Anyone with suspected meningococcal disease usually presents with high fever, headache, and neck stiffness....
Manage your stress levels If you have a lot of stress in your life, find ways to reduce it, such as learning a few time-management techniques. Introduce regular exercise and time to yourself. These are positive changes. Taking control of your time in this way can effectively reduce stress....
Alpha-gal allergy**: A tick bite (especially from the Lone Star tick) can trigger an immune response to a carbohydrate called alpha-gal, found in red meat. While this response can cause a severe allergic reaction in some people after they consume red meat, it does not lead to septic shock. The...
Closed-angle glaucoma and open-angle glaucoma are two main types of glaucoma, both involving an increase in intraocular pressure, but they differ in their anatomy and presentation. 1. **Open-Angle Glaucoma**: This is the most common type of glaucoma, accounting for about 90% of all cases. The drainage angle formed by the...
Insulin eye drops are still largely an area of research and have not yet been widely adopted or approved for therapeutic clinical use. Insulin, a natural hormone that regulates blood sugar, has been investigated for its potential ocular applications due to its known growth factor properties which can stimulate cell...
Summary: Researchers identified a small molecule capable of stimulating nerve regeneration and restoring vision following injury to the optic nerve Source: City University of Hong Kong Traumatic injury to the brain, spinal cord and optic nerve in the central nervous system (CNS) are the leading cause of disability and the second leading...
Anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) injections are commonly used in eyecare for several retinal conditions. The indications for anti-VEGF injections and the prognosis associated with their use can vary depending on the specific condition being treated. Here are some common indications and the associated prognosis: 1. Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD):...
Angina is a common symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD) and is characterized by chest pain or discomfort. It occurs when there is an inadequate supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of angina are as follows: Symptoms: 1. Chest Pain: The...
Plyometrics are dynamic exercises that help build strength, power, balance, stamina and agility. Plyometric training involves short, intense bursts of activity that target fast-twitch muscle fibers in the lower body. These fibers help generate explosive power that increases speed and jumping height. Plyometrics are used by competitive athletes who rely...
Chronic kidney disease, CKD, involves a gradual loss of kidney function. Kidneys filter wastes and excess fluids from the blood, which are then removed in the urine. CKD can cause dangerous levels of fluid, electrolytes and wastes to build up in the body. In the early stages of CKD, one...
Have you ever had that annoying gritty feeling, like there is sand trapped in the eyes? That’s just a glimpse of what people with dry eye disease (DED) experience. Beyond the feeling of grittiness, they often battle with symptoms like redness, burning and itchiness. Over time, these issues can...
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) can be caused by several conditions that affect the cerebral vascular system, including diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis – but lifestyle choices, such as smoking, also play a role. With CCH now recognized as a key contributor to the neurodegenerative processes that can lead to dementia (1),...
An aneurysm is a bulging, weakened area in the wall of a blood vessel resulting in an abnormal widening or ballooning greater than 50% of the vessel's normal diameter (width). An aneurysm may occur in any blood vessel, but is most often seen in an artery. Among the causes...
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the critical components of the vasculature, regulating key signaling pathways in health. In macrovessels, NO functions to suppress cell inflammation as well as adhesion. In this way, it inhibits thrombosis and promotes blood flow. It also functions to limit vessel constriction and vessel wall...
In Septic shock, there is a dramatic drop in blood pressure that can damage the lungs, kidneys, liver and other organs. When the damage is severe, it can lead to death. Early treatment of sepsis can improve chances for survival. Symptoms of sepsis are non specific and may vary from...
Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare, aggressive skin cancer. It appears as a painless, flesh-colored or bluish-red nodule growing on the skin. Merkel cells are found just below the skin’s surface, on the lowest level of your top layer of skin (the epidermis). Connected to nerve endings associated with the sensation...
Sciatica isn’t actually a health condition; it’s a symptom, and a misnamed one at that. Sciatica refers to the symptoms of buttock, thigh, and leg pain, but it can arise from a variety of causes. Sciatica gets its name from the sciatic nerve, the body’s largest.There’s one sciatic nerve on...
Heart failure is a condition in which the heart loses efficiency, leading to a chronic mismatch between the body’s need for oxygen and what it actually receives. Heart failure leads to chronic difficulty breathing, uncomfortable swelling in the arms or legs (or anywhere), let alone increased risks for heart attacks,...
A meningioma is a tumor that arises from the meninges — the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Although not a brain tumor per se, it is described as such because it may compress or squeeze the adjacent brain, nerves and vessels. Meningioma is the most common type...
Although Multiple Sclerosis is the most common central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating disorder, other CNS inflammatory disorders should be included in the differential diagnosis. Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease are less common but share some clinical characteristics, such as optic neuritis and...
Gout flares often begin in your big toe or a lower limb. Pain and inflammation occur when too much uric acid crystallizes and deposits in the joints. Symptoms of gout include severe pain, redness, and swelling in joints, often the big toe. Attacks can come suddenly, often at night. During an...
Clinical symptoms of lead toxicity occur in a dose-dependent manner, with individual variability. The most common initial symptoms are abdominal pain (lead colic) and other gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea). Other affected systems include the central nervous (e.g., fatigue, malaise, impaired cognition, tinnitus, headaches, mood changes), peripheral nervous...
Symptoms of heat exhaustion (precursor to heatstroke) • Heavy sweating • Cold, pale and clammy skin • Fast, weak pulse • Nausea or vomiting • Muscle cramps • Tiredness or weakness • Dizziness • Headache • Fainting (passing out) Symptoms of heatstroke • High body temperature (103°F or higher) • Hot, red, dry,...
How hot is too hot for the human body? Study offers new insights Share on Pinterest Researchers conducted an experiment to investigate the upper limit of the thermoneutral zone of the human body. Prof. Lewis Halsey, University of Roehampton Researchers investigated when the body starts exerting...
What is diabetic eye disease? Diabetic eye disease is a group of eye problems that can affect people with diabetes. These conditions include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, cataracts, and glaucoma. Over time, diabetes can cause damage to your eyes that can lead to poor vision or even blindness....
Tears in the Eyes drain into the tear ducts (small holes in the inner corner of the Eyes) and down through the nose. Tear fluid contains water, mucin, lipids. lysozyme. ;actoferrin, immunoglobulins, glucose, urea, sodium and potassium. Lysozymes in the Tears, as a part of the Imuune System, fight against...
News > Medscape Medical News > Conference News > CMSC 2023 Multiple Sclerosis Has a Misdiagnosis Problem Nancy A. Melville June 14, 2023 In the ongoing absence of a reliable biomarker for multiple sclerosis (MS), misdiagnosis is a common, and persistent, problem that potentially puts patients at prolonged and unnecessary risk. Experts warn that false-negative diagnoses cause treatment...
Sinusitis is usually caused by the common cold, but other viruses, bacteria, fungi and allergies may also cause sinusitis. Sinuses are four paired cavities (spaces) in the head. Narrow passages connect them. Sinuses make mucus that drains out of the passages in the nose. This drainage helps keep the nose...
Tumors arise from the pigment cells that reside within the uvea and give rise to eye color. When eye melanoma is spread to distant parts of the body, the five-year survival rate is about 15%. This is the most common type of primary eye cancer. Males and females are affected...
Mi Contact Lens is being developed by a California startup Smartlens, and is based on a prototype that was previously created at Stanford University. Whereas the Stanford device had to be surgically placed in the eye, the miLens is a soft contact lens which is put in and taken out...
The Nexus between Nutrition and Ocular Health became apparent in the 90s as Epidemiologists, Optometrists and Ophthalmologists uncovered dietary patterns in patients with AMD. The Eye Disease Case-Control Group Ancillary Study, by Dr. Johanna M. Seddon, used a specially designed food frequency questionnaire and was the first to directly show...
Optic neuritis usually affects one eye. Symptoms might include Pain. Most people who develop optic neuritis have eye pain that is made worse by eye movement. Sometimes the pain feels like a dull ache behind the eye. There may be Vision loss in one eye. Most people have at least...
American Heart Association (AHA) Life's Essential 8 metric and its association with both life expectancy and health span or life expectancy free of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, diabetes, and dementia. This study leveraged the UK Biobank and included more than 135,000 UK adults with a mean...
Along with blurry vision, Diabetic Eye Disease may also cause: “Floating” spots in your field of vision or even permanent loss of vision in extreme cases. Stroke: A sign that one is having a stroke is a sudden, painless change in eyesight. There may be blurry or double vision. If...
Most cases of type 2 diabetes can be linked to making poor food choices, a new study finds.Researchers from Tufts University in Boston linked poor diet to 14 million cases of type 2 diabetes — about 70% of new diagnoses globally — in 2018.The biggest impact came from insufficient intake...
Dry eye happens when eyes do not make enough tears to stay wet, or when the tears do not work correctly or efficiently. This can make eyes feel uncomfortable, and in some cases, it can also cause vision problems or even visual disability. Dry Eyes are common : it affects...
Researchers investigated how magnesium intake influences dementia risk factors.They found that a higher magnesium intake is linked to lower dementia risk.Further research is needed to confirm the results.In 2019, 57.4 million people had dementia globally. By 2050, this figure is expected to rise to 152.8 million. One study that followed...
Self-care refers to the practice of taking deliberate and proactive steps to promote physical, mental, and emotional well-being. It involves taking care of oneself in a way that fosters optimal health and wellness, and can include a variety of activities, such as getting enough sleep, eating a healthy diet, exercising...
Healthy Lifestyle includes: eating a diet high in fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and unsaturated fatty acids, and low in sugary drinks, trans fats, and sodium. Going Vegan is a good option too.No SmokingAt least 7 hours of moderate-to vigorous physical activity each week. i.e, one hour a dayLimiting alcohol...
Optometric Physicians (ODs) in the United States play a critical role in providing comprehensive eye and vision care to individuals of all ages. They undergo extensive education and training to diagnose and treat a range of eye conditions, including nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, and eye diseases such as glaucoma and macular...
The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) provides guidelines for blood pressure targets in adults with hypertension. The guidelines suggest that the following targets be used for most adults with hypertension: Less than 130/80 mmHg for most adultsLess than 130/80 mmHg or less for those with diabetes or chronic kidney...
Study Rundown: Though the main risk factor for cataract development is increasing age, external factors, including various systemic medications, have been associated in past studies with increased cataract incidence. This retrospective study aimed to explore associations between medications and need for cataract surgery in a US database of about 15,000...
According to Dr Neil Barnard, Fiber moves carcinogens along and out of the human body. Fibers removes things circulating in the blood that should not be there. Liver is filtering the blood stream 24/7 and keeping away things that do not belong there like excess hormones . Liver pulls toxins...
You brush your teeth, moisturize your skin, but what're you doing for your eyes? CorneaCare is driven to make eyecare a part of self-care, starting with dry eye disease and overall eye health and wellness. This concept is rewriting the narrative on dry eye disease and building personalized treatments...
On each side of the body, one sciatic nerve runs through the hips, buttocks and down a leg, ending just below the knee. The sciatic nerve then branches into other nerves, which continue down the leg and into thee foot and toes. People describe sciatica pain in different ways, depending...
Visual snow is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by a continuous visual disturbance that occupies the entire visual field and is described as tiny flickering dots that resemble the noise of a detuned analog television. In addition to the static, or “snow”, affected individuals can experience additional visual symptoms such...
I Did 15 Push-Ups Every Day for 30 Days to Increase My Functional Strength Chrissy King Tue, November 29, 2022, 4:26 PM And why this challenge changed my relationship to push-ups forever. Shutterstock Push-ups and I have a long and complicated love-hate relationship. On one...
Welcome to Impact Factor, your weekly dose of commentary on a new medical study. I'm Dr F. Perry Wilson of the Yale School of Medicine. One hundred and fifty minutes a week. That's the minimum recommended amount of moderate-intensity exercise that the federal...
Glaucoma is sometimes called the “silent thief of sight” because it slowly damages the eyes and can cause irreparable harm before there is any vision loss. But this disease is stealthy in more ways than one. Even today, we still do not know what causes it in most cases. There...
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CAROTID arteries are the main blood vessels in the neck that send blood to the eyes and brain. There are two carotid arteries in the neck: one on the right side and one on the left side. A buildup of cholesterol in the arteries causes a plaque to...
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) contributes to increased risk for myocardial infarction and stroke. *Narrowing of arteries which results in reduced blood flow to head, arms, stomach and legs. Usually, affects the arteries in the legs. This causes leg pain while walking. ** Painful cramps can be felt in the...
Artificial tears are OTC eyedrops used to lubricate dry eyes and help maintain moisture on the outer surface of the eyes. Such eyedrops may be used to treat dry eyes that result from aging, certain medications, a medical condition, eye surgery or environmental factors, such as smoky or windy conditions...
Medication as risk factor for falls Many drugs can increase the risk of falls. The more drugs one takes, the greater the chance that one or a combination of them will make a fall more likely to happen. Some medications are well known for side effects that increase a person's...
Loneliness is an unpleasant emotional response to perceived isolation. Loneliness is also described as a psychological mechanism which motivates individuals to seek social connections. It is often associated with an unwanted lack of connection and intimacy. Loneliness overlaps and yet is distinct from solitude. Solitude is simply the state of...
Facial Pain is a result of some malfunction in the Trigmeninal Nerve. Each trigeminal nerve splits into three branches, controlling the feeling for different parts of the face. These are: The ophthalmic branch. It controls the eye, upper eyelid, and forehead. The maxillary branch. This controls the lower eyelid, cheek, nostril,...
The redness of the eye may be a cause for concern. However, most serious eye problems happen when there is redness along with pain or changes in vision. What are the common causes of red eyes? Allergies Allergies can affect the eyes leading them to become red...
Patients with basal cell carcinomas most commonly notice a reddish nodule slowly forming on their eyelid. The tumor is most commonly found on the lower eyelid, followed by the medial canthus and may also occur on the upper eyelid. Eyelash loss around the tumor suggests that a basal...
A Corneal abrasion is an injury to the epithelium( outermost layer) of the cornea. It is common aming all age groups but RISK increases with occupations like construction , general use of contact lenses and eyelid allergies. Causes: 1. Trauma- foreign objects, accidental poking of the eye, rubbing of the...
Diabetic eye disease is a group of eye problems that can affect people with diabetes. These conditions include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, cataracts, and glaucoma. Over time, diabetes can cause damage to your eyes that can lead to poor vision or even blindness. But you can take steps to...
Traditional therapies with topical lubricants, have been employed with variable success in the treatment of DED ( Dry Eye Disease/Dysfunction). Neurostimulation takes into account the neuroanatomical and pathophysiological considerations of DED and the LFU( Lacrimal Functional Unit). Neurostimulation of the nasolacrimal reflex (NLR) is a novel therapeutic approach for DED....
MOST COMMON causes of EYE Pain Headache/Migraine Optic Neuritis Trigeminal Neuralgia Dry Eyes Posterior Blepharitis Ischemic/Thrombotic Events Conjunctivitis/Keratitis/ Recurrent Corneal Erosion/Iritis Idiopathic Intra-cranial Hypertension
The Most Common Autoimmune disease is RA(Rheumatoid Arthritis). Second most common is Sjogren's Syndrome. Autoimmune diseases develop when the auto-reactive B lymphocytes (autoantibodies) and T lymphocytes described cause a pathological and/or functional damage to the organ/tissue containing the target autoantigen(s). The treatment depends on the type of autoimmune disease. In...
Optical Illusions, more appropriately known as visual illusions, involve visual deception. Due to the arrangement of images, the effect of colors, the impact of the light source, or other variables, a wide range of interesting visual effects can be seen. If you've ever struggled to see the hidden image in...
Droopy Eyelid is a naturally occurring situation in some people. It creates a characteristic SLEEPY EYE look. And sometimes droopy eyelid can then become beyond just the cosmetic aspect and can also cause some difficulties with vision. Causality: Aging, Congenital droopy eyes, Nerve disorder, eye muscle dysfunction, adult onset eyelid...
Eyelid Swelling Minor symptoms: Irritation in the eyes in the form of an itchy or scratchy sensation Sensitivity to light Reddening of eyelids Eye discharge Eyelid dryness Excess tearing Obstructed vision due to swollen eyelid Redness of the eyes Scaly or flaking skin around the eye Moderate symptoms: Fatigue Fever...
More than 1 in 3 adults in the United States may have prediabetes, according to the National Institutes of Health. Insulin resistance is a disorder of metabolism that precedes prediabetes. If left unchecked, prediabetes can develop into type 2 diabetes. Recently, a team of researchers theorized that societal changes such...
Kidney Stones are quite common with a 10% prevalence worldwide. Risk factors for urinary stone disease, the list includes those who are living with diabetes and those with gout or obesity. Kidney stones also occur in patients who do not have adequate access to drinking water or who are frequently...
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-associated disease (MOGAD) is an antibody-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) with various phenotypes starting from optic neuritis, via transverse myelitis to acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and cortical encephalitis. The clinical picture of this condition is similar to the presentation of neuromyelitis optica...
https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/study-blue-light-glasses-improve-sleep-productivity
Researchers have discovered that the eyes of Arctic reindeer change from gold in summer to blue in winter, which helps them adapt to the extreme lighting changes in their environment. Animals living above the Arctic Circle experience extended periods of 24 hour light in the summer, followed by near complete...
Psoriatic arthritis is a form of arthritis that affects some people who have psoriasis, a disease that causes red patches of skin topped with silvery scales. Most people develop psoriasis years before being diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis. But for some, the joint problems begin before skin patches appear or...
Blepharospasm What is Blepharospasm? Blepharospasm is a type of focal dystonia in which there is involuntary contraction of the muscles of the eyelids causing closure of the lids. This does not have any effect on a person's vision or mental faculties. The only time vision would be affected is if...
THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE is an immediate, protective pathological process of vascularized tissue to infection, irritation or injury•Heat: increased vascular perfusion delivers core blood to the affected region to facilitate optimal temperatures for enzymatic activity•Redness: local vasodilation facilitates swelling and immune cell infiltration to facilitate destruction or isolation of the pathogen...
Thyroid eye disease(TED) may occur in patients who already know they have thyroid disease, or sometimes it is the first problem that brings the person to the Eye doctor's office. The symptoms that occur in thyroid eye disease include dry eyes, watery eyes, red eyes, bulging eyes, a "stare," double...
Diabetic eye disease is a group of eye problems that can affect people with diabetes. These conditions include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, cataracts, and glaucoma. Over time, diabetes can cause damage to your eyes that can lead to poor vision or even blindness. But you can take steps...
Ray-Ban Stories can take photos and videos with a touch of a button and send them to your phone. Facebook has just released Ray-Ban Stories, sunglasses with tiny cameras that take video and photos. The first thing you'll notice about Facebook’s new camera glasses is that they are not called...
POTS is diagnosed only when orthostatic hypotension is ruled out and when there is no acute dehydration or blood loss. Orthostatic hypotension is a form of low blood pressure: 20mm Hg drop in systolic or a 10mm Hg drop in diastolic blood pressure in the first three minutes of standing...
Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) (HCQ) have been used for many years, initially for the treatment of malaria but now more commonly for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus . It is now considered for new disease applications in diabetes, heart disease and adjunct cancer...
Why do healthcare professionals use GoodRx? Improves adherence 200 million prescriptions are left at the counter each year because they cost too much. More affordable treatment results in better adherence. Saves time If a patient's medication isn't covered by insurance and they can't afford the cash...
Scientists Develop Tech That Could Give You Night Vision with Standard Eyeglasses The technology could have applications in security and defense work and in helping people to drive safely at night. June 30, 2021 By INVISION Staff Dr Rocio Camacho Morales at TMOS led research into nanocrystal film layers that...
Contact lenses for astigmatism Too often, people mistakenly believe they can't wear contact lenses because they have astigmatism. The truth is, today there are plenty of excellent options for correcting astigmatism with contact lenses. The best types of contact lenses for people with mild astigmatism often are either...
An Eye exam gives your doctor a clear view of important tissues at the back of the eye, including the retina, the macula, and the optic nerve. This allows for early diagnosis of sight-threatening eye diseases like age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and the like.
Statins are cholesterol-lowering agents that consistently rank among the most commonly prescribed drugs. Their use has long been associated with decreased mortality rates in various groups. A meta-analysis even found that treatment with statins was associated with reduced risk for a severe or fatal course of COVID-19. Although highly effective...
The TFOS DEWS II report entalis using 5 steps to care for your dry eyes daily: 1. Every day, the first step is to hydrate your eyes with an artificial tears such as Soothe XP, Clear Eyes for Dry eyes and Optase2. The second step is to clean the lids...